Friday, February 28, 2020


Study Reveals How Immune System Handles Fungal and Viral Infections
Researchers have Examined how the human body responds to a viral infection when it already infected by fungi, offering insights into the immune system.
New research has found that the body’s immune response to fungal infections changes when a patient is also infected by a virus. The study carried out by researchers at the University of Birmingham, the Pirbright Institute and University College London, all UK, sheds fresh light on the immune system’s ability to deal with co-infection.
Although clinicians understand that how the immune system responds to fungal and viral infections, much less is known about what happens when both occur together.
Typically, white blood cells will attack pathogens through phagocytosis where a pathogen is engulfed by the white blood cell. In fungal infections, however, sometimes this process ‘reverses’ ejecting the fungus back out of the white blood cell via a process called vomocytosis. The researchers also able to show that this process of expulsion is rapidly accelerated when the white blood cells detect a virus.
The team used for advanced microscopy methods to examine the live white blood cells exposed to two different types of virus, HIV, and measles, alongside the fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans. This opportunistic pathogen is particularly deadly between HIV+ patients.

Instead of just becoming less able to deal with the fungus, the researchers found that the white blood cells began to kill the fungal cells much quicker.
Lead author, Professor Robin May, Director of the Institute of Microbiology and Infection at the University of Birmingham, explained: “We found the macrophages ejected their prey the fungal cells much more quickly when the virus was present. This was much unexpected but could be an attempt to ‘free up’ those white blood cells to deal with the new viral invaders.”
The researchers concluded, as vomocytosis occurred with both viruses, that the result was likely to be a general reaction to viral co-infection.

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